Global warming refers to the long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the release of greenhouse gases. These gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, trap heat in the atmosphere, causing temperatures to increase. The effects of global warming include rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and more frequent extreme weather events.

Scientists have also noted changes in ecosystems, with some species struggling to adapt to the shifting climate, while others thrive in altered conditions. These disruptions can lead to imbalances in food chains and biodiversity loss.